The touch screen technology consists of two parts; Hardware and Software (you knew that? good)
The hardware touch-screen interface can detect the location of a physical contact and the appropriate software converts this contact to a command which is executed and we see the effect of our touch on screen.
The hardware touch-screen interface can detect the location of a physical contact and the appropriate software converts this contact to a command which is executed and we see the effect of our touch on screen.
Resistive Touch Technology:
The resistive touch screen is composed of two electrically coated sheets of certain material separated by a small gap.
The two resistive circuit layers are coated on one side by transparent metal oxide coating (Indium tin oxide ITO) and these two layers are separated by insulating dots to avoid electrical contact in idle state. When touch pressure is applied to the top resistive layer, it flexes back towards the second layer and an electrical contact is produced at the corresponding point and the circuit is completed. A voltage is produced in both layers, one layer voltage is used to detect the horizontal location of touch and other layer voltage for vertical location of touch. On the backside of all this scheme is an electronic control circuit which detects the location of touch point and passes the data to the touchscreen controller on which the touchscreen software acts and produces the output which is the effect of our touch on screen. Resistive touch screen require pressure to complete a touch effect and one can anything such as finger, pencil, pen etc. to register a touch on resistive touch screen
Capacitive Touch Screen:
A capacitive touch screen has a single layer coated with conductive material. It works on the principles of electrostatics.
When something conductive (as our finger) touches the screen, it changes the electrostatic field at that point and creates a capacitor which draws current from each corner of electric field. The controller on the backside of screen measures the ratio of currents drawn from each corner and determines the touch location with respect to the measured ratio. This data is sent to the software which performs the required operations and produce the effect of touch on screen.
Note that capacitive touch works only through the contact of something conductive is used to register the touch, that is the reason why capacitive touch won't work if you try to use it with a pencil, pen or a match stick etc. but resistive touch will work with these too.
Nowadays, all top companies are using capacitive technology. (after reading this can you tell why?)
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